Nov 05, 20 in principle a perfect lens could be created that opens up a brave new world of scientific investigation, particularly in nanotechnology and the biosciences. Design, analysis, and characterization of metamaterial quasi. Metamaterials, metasurfaces, and nanotechnology, and their. A passively tunable acoustic metamaterial lens for. Their purpose, as with any electromagnetic antenna, is to launch energy into free space.
A photonic metamaterial pm, also known as an optical metamaterial, is a type of. It is an effective medium made up of a multilayer stack, which exhibits birefringence, n 2. Metamaterial fisheye lens design weve designed the back side structures in such a way that each part can produce a perfect focus, said hu. This can revolutionize the field of optical imaging simply by including a meta lens as a standard addon tool for microscopes. The diffraction limit is an inherent limitation in conventional optical devises or lenses. Then we summarize important practical applications of metasurfaces, such as plasmonic lithography, holography, and imaging. A lowprofile substrateintegrated lens antenna is designed using planar metamaterials for a broadband operation. Metamaterial is now a wellaccepted term for a novel type of optical medium that is artificially engineered to interact with light in ways no natural materials can. Nov 18, 2015 metamaterial designs were fabricated using an eden 350 3d printer. The main objective of this book is to present indepth analy. Analysis and design of a metamaterial lens antenna using.
This study presents the first comprehensive investigation of metamaterial lenses using industry standard lens design software. To make a similar flat fisheye lens for visible light the optical features may have to be made smaller than they are now, to better refract that particular range of wavelengths. Design of graphenebased metamaterial absorber and antenna. Pdf subwavelength focusing in air using semiconductor.
The lens antenna is based on embedding a vivaldi antenna source inside a parallel. This book is clear and accessible to a large number of readers. Theory and experimentation have demonstrated that, among other properties, the law of refraction is reversed at an interface between a naturally occurring material and these socalled metamaterials. Consequently, during the last years, a huge deal of efforts has been concentrated in order to design functional components and devices based on metamaterials for many potential applications. The theory of characteristic modes is used to analyze the metamaterial lens, in order to provide an insight into the. We present the first experimental demonstration of focusing ultrasound waves through a flat acoustic metamaterial lens composed of a planar network of subwavelength helmholtz resonators.
Subwavelength focusing in air is achieved in the near field at. Measurements at automotive radar frequencies show that this lens has approximately. Analysis and design of a metamaterial lens antenna using the. The split ring resonator srr and wire structure used in the 1d lens experiment was identical to the 2d lens fabrication, resulting in the same resonant frequency of 3. Design, analysis, and characterization of metamaterial.
In this letter, based on the qcms, we design, fabricate and measure a twodimensional 2d reflector lens with a planar profile in the acoustic regime, which has the same performance as a parabolic dish. This book presents the most recent theoretical developments and. Starting in 2005 11 interest turned to using the design flexibility inherent to metamaterials for the development of positiveindex grin lenses. Book description the study of artificial electromagnetic materials, or metamaterials, breaks down the traditional frontiers to combine disciplines such as physics and microfabrication, electromagnetic theory and computational methods, optics and microwaves, and nanotechnology and nanochemistry. Construction and measurements of a prototype nearzero.
Developments in nanotechnology and material science have produced optical materials with astonishing properties. Metamaterial lens design using characteristics modes. The metamaterial lens, found in metamaterial antenna systems, is used as an efficient coupler to external radiation, focusing radiation along or from a microstrip transmission line into transmitting and receiving components. Introduction to metamaterials materials education matedu.
Making the lens was not a matter of making a better form of the lenses already in existence but of making a lens which uses light waves in a way not previously possible. Pdf lowprofile substrateintegrated lens antenna using. The unique electromagnetic properties of negative index metamaterials nim provide enormous flexibility in lens design resulting in lenses with better performance and lighter weight. Transformation electromagnetics is a systematic design technique for optical and electromagnetic devices that enables novel wavematerial.
Before going further with the design, we must consider that rf fields used for mri. Building the perfect lens with metamaterials youtube. Nov 14, 2012 concave lenses typically radiate radio waves like spokes from a wheel. Interest in the metamaterial research exploded in the year 2001 when scientists experimentally demonstrated a truly exotic effect of negative refraction, a phenomenon in which light rays are refracted or bent in the direction opposite to that which is normally expected. Metamaterials theory, design, and applications tie jun. From this metalibrary the individual phase shifts required to realize the design focal length of 1 m can be selected, and the final lens design simulated. Design of an acoustic metamaterial lens using genetic algorithms. Some new developments covered in the book include a rapid design method for inhomogeneous metamaterials, microwave and rf applications of metamaterials and dynamic metamaterial systems. Metamaterial lens design by eric stachura and cristian e. In some designs of graphenebased metamaterialmetasurface devices, we need. Metamaterials and imaging nano convergence full text. Metamaterial lens has ten times more power than any.
Ultrasound beam steering with flattened acoustic metamaterial. Included here is an introduction to optical transformation theory, revealing. New metamaterial lens focuses radio waves mit news. A design for an arbitrarily reconfigurable metamaterial lens antenna is presented that makes use of a spatiallytunable uniaxial nearzeropermeability metamaterial.
This work presents the design and full wave simulations of a nim lens to enable a phasedarray antenna paa to scan to the horizon. In 2000, a type of lens was proposed which consisted of a metamaterial that could. Light and heat manipulation via intelligent design controlling light, electricity and heat have played key roles in technological advancements throughout human history. Theory, design and applications focuses on the most recent. Metamaterials in medical imaging a super lens or perfect lens is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit. Psaltis, magnifying metamaterial lens design by coordinate transformation, in conference on lasers and electroopticsquantum electronics and laser science conference and photonic applications systems technologies, osa technical digest cd optical society of america, 2008, paper qfl5. Iii b and argue that the perfect lens design proposed in ref. Using similar lens design methods, i design a metamaterial grin lens from polytetrafluoroethylenebased ptfebased nonresonant metamaterials. Dec 01, 2014 a lens made out of identical metamaterial bytes above can be made flat by altering the composition of the bytes below.
According to coauthors xu, amit agrawal and henri lezec, aside from achieving recordshort wavelengths, their metamaterial lens is inherently easy to fabricate. A broadband planar acoustic metamaterial lens sciencedirect. A metamaterial is a material that gains its properties from its structure rather than directly from its composition. Physics and applications of negative refractive index materials 1st. This approach can be utilized when an nde detector is designed based on a metamaterial lens. In 2003, it was suggested that a metamaterial constructed with alternating, parallel, layers of n. They, along with soundproof cages and superthin lenses, obviously arent as flashy as invisibility cloaks. Theory, design and applications focuses on the most recent research activity in metamaterials, taking a reader beyond previously covered areas like lefthanded materials lhm and negative index materials lim. But invisibility is far from being practical, capasso says. In this new metamaterial lens, however, radio waves converge, focusing on a single, precise point a property impossible to replicate in natural materials. Multilayered flat metamaterial lenses have been proposed as lightweight and thin alternatives to conventional homogeneous dielectric lenses. In chapter 2, akl and baz present the basic theories and the underlying phenomena governing the behavior of active acoustic metamaterial aamm platforms that have tunable and programmable mechanical and.
Examples of scientific and technical fields which are concerned are electrical engineering, micro and nanotechnology, microwave engineering, optics, optoelectronics, and semiconductor technologies. Osa magnifying metamaterial lens design by coordinate. A passively tunable acoustic metamaterial lens for selective. With their unique physical properties and unusual combination of microscopic and nanoscopic structures, metamaterials. Optical transformation theory, including invisible cloaks, concentrators, beam. Design of an acoustic metamaterial lens using genetic.
Multiple applications of a new range of materials called metamaterials have been developed since their evolution, suggested by veselago, to the development of their design, first proposed by pendry et al. The present work demonstrates a genetic algorithm approach to optimizing the effective material parameters of an acoustic metamaterial. On the basis of the results it is observed that the minimum return loss obtained at design frequency of the patch antenna with proposed metamaterial structure is 28. Jun 02, 2016 a novel design for ultrathin lenses uses nanostructures to grab light and bend it to its will, and could someday find uses in microscopes and cameras. These materials promise an entire new generation of miniaturized passive and active. It explores a wide range of applications in fields including electronics, telecommunications, sensing, medical instrumentation, and data storage. Metamaterials and negative refraction cambridge university press. This approach provides a completely new alternative to conventional phasedarray technology enabling the formation of steerable and collimated or focused ultrasonic beams by exploiting a single transducer. Smith and ruopeng liu bring together the leading international minds focused on metamaterials to provide an allencompassing look. Oct 05, 2009 this book uses the first volumes exploration of theory, basic properties, and modeling topics to develop readers understanding of applications and devices that are based on artificial materials. A very thin lens of negativeindex materials, with very few layers, could do a lot for lidar applications, says steve brueck, director of the center for high technology material at the university of new mexico. Aug 12, 2016 a team of british and chinese scientists has developed a new metamaterialbased solid immersion lens msil microscope lens design that can extend the magnification of an optical microscope to see objects smaller than the approximately 200 nanometers abbe diffraction limit, the smallest size of bacteria.
The lens is a metamaterial a material with completely new properties not found in nature. Cambridge core rf and microwave engineering metamaterials and negative. Jun 06, 2019 most recently, the method was utilized in the acoustic field and a broadband metamaterial planar luneburg acoustic lens was realized. Metamaterial lenses also are attractive for infrared wavelengths, where conventional lenses tend to be bulky and hard to coat. Metamaterial lens design j opt soc am a opt image sci vis. Further, different designs of nim in various operating frequencies. We theoretically demonstrate subwavelength focusing in air using doped inasintrinsic inas hyperbolic metamaterial hmm. The book contains seven parts, each of which includes contributions by experts in the field addressing devices and applications of plasmonics or metamaterials.
By combining the shapebased radiation pattern control of uniaxial zim lenses and a metamaterial that switches from nearzeroindex to nearfreespace properties, a cylindrical or. The design could be used in smartphones and laptops as well as medical imaging devices such as endoscopes, as well as in virtual reality. Pendry analytically demonstrated that a metamaterial lens defies the diffraction limit and, in an ideal case, can transmit all the information emitted from the source. Feb 01, 2011 details of the design, characterization, and testing of the 2d metamaterial lens were discussed previously. Theory, design, and applications goes beyond lefthanded materials. Design of an acoustic metamaterial lens using genetic algorithms dennis li, lucian zigoneanu, bogdanioan popa, and steven a. This grin lens is designed to match a target dielectric lens s radiation characteristics across a 6 field of view. Most notably, the proposed applications included antennas and geometrical optics. Some new developments covered in the book include a rapid design method for inhomogeneous metamaterials, microwave and rf applications of metamaterials and. Magnifying metamaterial lens design by coordinate transformation. The lens consists of a material having a negative refractive index. Metamaterial lens is thinner than the light it bends and.
A new singlelayer metamaterial lens antenna aimed to operate at 10 ghz is proposed in this paper. The first general textbook to offer a complete overview of metamaterial theory and its microwave applications metamaterials with negative parameters represents the only unified treatment of metamaterials available in one convenient book. Theory and design of acoustic metamaterials 2015 pai. May 16, 2012 indepth analysis of the theory, properties and description of the most potential technological applications of metamaterials for the realization of novel devices such as subwavelength lenses, invisibility cloaks, dipole and reflector antennas, high frequency telecommunications, new designs of bandpass filters, absorbers and concentrators of em waves etc. Metamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized electrically small antenna systems. New frontiers are being explored as intrinsic limitations challenge the scaling of microwave metamaterial designs to optical frequencies. Metamaterial lens design using characteristics modes ieee. Metamaterials devices and applicationsedited by alejandro lucas borja. Yang j, xu f, yao s 2018 a dual frequency fabryperot antenna based on metamaterial lens. Magnifying perfect lens and superlens design by coordinate. Acoustic metamaterial lens and simulationbased metalibrary.
The intricate behavior of these novel metamaterials is interesting from both fundamental and practical point of view. Even with the latest, slimmest phones, those lenses still make the devices breakable and bulky, with a little bump sticking out where the phones camera is positioned. A metamaterial lens based on transformation optics for. New optical materials called metamaterials have provided new ways to. Most current designs of acousticelastic metamaterials are based on the. The 2d and 3d flattened, acoustic luneburg lens designs figure 3a and b were fabricated via 3d printing stratasys objet500 connex3 3d printer with a. Often the designs are realized by a few metallic inclusions e. It also explores novel concepts and phenomena, such as the perfect lens for superresolution. The main objective of this book is to present indepth. Led by zengbo wang, phd, at bangor university uk and prof limin wu at fudan university, china, the team created minute dropletlike lens structures on the surface to be examined. The proposed concept is based on the design of dynamically tailored structural elements via embedded acoustic metamaterial lenses.
Ultimately, the results verify the validity of using an optics approach to design an acoustic metamaterial. When illuminated with uv light purple a sample object of any shape placed on the flat slab of metamaterial is projected as a threedimensional image in free space on the other side of the slab. We observed a tight focus of halfwavelength in width at 60. Devoted mainly to metamaterials that can be characterized by a negative effective permittivity andor permeability, the book includes a wide overview of the. Metamaterial creates fisheye lens that is completely flat. The study of artificial electromagnetic materials, or metamaterials, breaks down the traditional frontiers to combine disciplines such as physics and microfabrication, electromagnetic theory and computational methods, optics and microwaves, and nanotechnology and nanochemistry. May 28, 20 the metamaterial has an angleindependent negative refractive index, enabling it to act as a flat lens. This phenomenon is critical to the design principles behind digital. Transformation electromagnetics and metamaterials fundamental. Optical metamaterials are materials that are artificially engineered to exhibit. This metamaterial shows remarkable coupling to fiber guided modes 3. May 23, 20 they adapted the design to work in the uva frequency range of particular technological interest. With the tunable characteristic, graphenebased metamaterial absorber and. The applied numerical synthesis algorithm, which was.
Physics and applications of negative refractive index materials book cover. We then generalize a result of veselago when the given surface is a plane and show that there are times when the second surface. Advances in electrical and electromagnetic technologies, wireless communications, lasers, and computers have all been made possible by challenging our understanding of how light and other energy forms naturally behave, and. Capasso says its a fair bet that kundtz and his colleagues are onto something marketable with the metamaterial antennas. The design offers extremely small footprint 10 wavelengths and complete elimination of bulk optical components to realize lowcost, potential highspeed optical switching and modulation.
In this work, we first present a methodology for the refractive index synthesis of flat meta lens antennas based on a linkage between geometrical optics go and particle swarm optimization pso. The final lens will be 3d printed using pla plastic. Metamaterials handbook two volume slipcase set 1st. Metamaterials have become one of the most important emerging technologies in the scientific community due to its unusual electromagnetic properties. Negative index metamaterial lens for the scanning angle. Designing metamaterials with negative material parameters. Refraction method of metamaterial for antenna springerlink.
Traditional optical lenses and the corresponding imaging systems, which. Novel metamaterial flat lens creates 3d images in free. Design of square split ring resonator shaped metamaterial. Microwave and thz metamaterialbased devices for potential. When each lens is perfectly aligned with the lens on top of it and all the others, the camera produces crisp images, capturing spectacular colors. Metamaterials theory, design, and applications tie jun cui. Comparative study of 1d and 2d metamaterial lens for.
Indeed, the proposed metamaterial based structures were designed to enhance. The lens antenna consists of twelve capacitively coupled unit cells distributed along a ring and illuminated by an openended circular waveguide with a metallic resonant ring. Metamaterials and plasmonics are crossdisciplinary fields that are emerging into the mainstream of many scientific areas. The target device is an acoustic gradient index grin lens i. They created the lens using fiber optic manufacturing technology. Negative refraction became one of the signature effects of the metamaterials physics and its demonstration opened a new. A design guide for three single negativity metamaterials is also proposed. Daniel santillanharo, eva antoninodaviu, daniel sanchezescuderos, miguel ferrandobataller, analysis and design of a metamaterial lens antenna using the theory of characteristic modes, international journal of antennas and propagation, vol. However, this class of antenna incorporates metamaterials, which are materials engineered with novel, often microscopic, structures to produce unusual physical. Cummera department of electrical and computer engineering, duke university, durham, north carolina 27708. Vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum oam have been widely discussed for potential applications in wireless communications. Theory, design, and applications goes beyond lefthanded materials lhm or negative.
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